the invention, not of arguments,

发明不是一种争论
but of arts" (ways of doing things).

而是一种艺术(意指行事的方式)
not so much by instruments

不是依靠仪器
(although new instruments are important, like microscopes and so on)

(虽然像显微镜之类新仪器确实很重要)
as by experiments, skillfully and artificially devised for

而是依靠实验巧妙且人为设计的实验
the express purpose of determining the point in question.

来确认问题的关键点在哪里
So artificial experiments designed to decide a question; experiments.

因此人为设计实验用以确认问题实验
And this will lead to the restoration of learning and knowledge.

这将引领学习及知识的复兴
So followers of Bacon established

培根的追随者在一六六二年
The Royal Society in 1662,

成立了英国皇家学会
just after Charles was restored to England,

就在查尔斯复辟英格兰后
after the period of Cromwell.

也就是在克伦威尔执政时期之后