来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论 第4集 第4集》

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  And people, in fact—
  事实上
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  The history of the military in the United States and other countries
  各国在其军事史中
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  includes a lot of attempts to get animals like pigeons or dolphins
  都有试图通过训练鸽子海豚等动物
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  to do interesting and deadly things through various training.
  去完成各种高难而致命任务的尝试
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  More recreational,
  更好玩的是
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  Skinner was fond of teaching animals to play Ping-Pong.
  斯金纳喜欢教动物们打乒乓球
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  And again, you don't teach an animal to play Ping-Pong
  同样 你并不能通过等待动物打乒乓球
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  by waiting for it to play Ping-Pong
  然后给其奖励
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  and then rewarding it.
  来使动物学会打乒乓球
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  Rather, you reward approximations to it.
  相反 你需要对接近行为进行奖励
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  And basically, there are primary reinforcers.
  最根本的强化物是初级强化物
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  There are some things pigs naturally like,
  有些东西是猪天生就喜欢的