If Skinner kept the focus on rats and pigeons and dogs,

如果斯金纳只是研究老鼠鸽子或是狗
he would not have the impact that he did

他就不会拥有如此巨大的有影响力了
but he argued that you could extend all of these notions

但他宣称这些概念是可以应用到
to humans and to human behavior.

人类以及人类行为中去的
So for an example,

举个例子
he argued that the prison system needs to be reformed

他认为监狱体系需要改革
because instead of focusing on notions of justice and retribution

因为人们不应关注公正与赎罪
what we should do is focus instead on

而应当去关注对良好行为的强化
questions of reinforcing good behaviors and punishing bad ones.

以及对不良行为的惩罚
He argued for the notions

他认为我们应当
of operant conditioning

将众多操作性条件作用的概念
to be extended to everyday life

应用于日常生活之中