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because we haven't identified all the forces.
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So, if you never knew about friction,
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you do this and you find,
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"Hey, it doesn't work."
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The mass comes to rest,
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whereas the theory says it should oscillate forever.
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So, you are at the fork.
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Either you can say Newton's Laws are right;
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I'm missing some forces,
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I'm going to look around and find out what they are.
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Then, you will derive friction from that.
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Or maybe it's time to give up Newton's Laws.