these theological controversies and theological arguments in the book,

这本书中理论的针锋相对
but otherwise he's really formulating

但是他的确创立了
the first big ideas for modern democratic theory.

第一个现代民主理论
Okay, so now Locke engages Filmer on a number of levels.

洛克与费尔默在某些层面上有些交锋
It actually engages him on the theological level,

这交锋主要是发生在理论层面上
and he said, "Well, it's untrue that Adam received land as a grant.

他认为 "继承世界的不是亚当
It was mankind who received the land as a grant from God."

从上帝那里继承世界的是人类"
And then he moves on and he

然后他继续深入
kind of makes a more technical argument.

提出了更多技术上的问题
He said, "Well even if we assume that it was

他说 "就算我们假设
one single male who received land and all authority,

是一个个体继承了世界和一切权力
how on earth you can trace yourself back to this?"

那么我们又如何把自己回溯到这段历史呢"