that third one. What's particularly interesting

你就会偏向于第三粒有趣的是
is you get this effect easily with undergraduates

你在大学生中会得到这种结果
but you also get it with four-year-olds and with monkeys.

在四岁小孩和猴子那里也得到同样结果
So, the same denigration tends to be more general.

所以这种贬损的心理是非常普遍的
Well, that's a laboratory effect

这是实验室中得出的结果
but there are some more interesting manifestations of cognitive dissonance.

但关于认知失调还有些有趣的现象
One is the insufficient justification effect,

其中有一个是理由不足效应
which is so famous it had a cartoon based on it.

这是一个很著名的理论有一个卡通就是根据它改编的
The guys says, "Why should I hire you as my consultant?" the dog--Some dog says,

有人问为什么要雇你做我的顾问呢某只狗说
"I use my special-- the special process of cognitive dissonance

我会利用我的专业认知失调的专业方法
to improve employee morale." "How does it work?"

来提高员工士气怎么做呢
"Well, when people are in an absurd situation

当人们处于一个荒谬的情况时