For a long, long time the general wisdom was

长期以来的共识是
there were not heavy casualties in hoplite battles --

方阵战不会造成大规模的伤亡
people calculating on what I was just talking about.

人们相信这一点
But then an old Yalie who took this course when he was very young,

有一位老耶鲁人在年轻时选了这门课
and later became an ancient Greek historian,

后来成了一名历史学家专攻古希腊史
took the wonderfully outlandish device of answering this question.

他极其出色地回答了这个问题
He simply took all the battles in Greek history

他查阅了所有现存的
that we have a record of,

古希腊战役的资料
and which we know what the casualties were like, and counted

而我们都知道伤亡数是可以算出来的
and he concluded --

他得出结论
anybody can check because there they are --

谁都可以核对资料就是那些
that casualties could run as high as 15% at a hoplite battle.

一场陆战的伤亡率高达百分之十五