I'm going to say, 'Suppose that England

我会这么说假设英格兰
produced with one hour of labor three bottles of wine' and so on,”

一单位劳动力每小时能生产三瓶酒
and he had a little numerical example.

他举了一个带数字的例子
And he solved it and he showed that in that numerical example

他把这个例子算出来并且表明了
it's better to have free trade

自由贸易的优势
as paradoxical as it might have sounded at the time.

在当时这听起来非常矛盾
The Portuguese had such lower labor costs

葡萄牙人力成本更低
why shouldn't English workers be afraid of being thrown out of their jobs

为什么当与人力成本更低的葡萄牙做贸易
when trading with Portugal where the labor was so much less expensive.

而英国人却不必担心丢失工作呢
Well he explained why that turned out not to be the case,

他解释了为什么会是这样一个情况
but in terms of a model.

但是从一个模型的角度
So Malthus, who you've also heard of,

你们听说过的马尔萨斯