来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：金融市场 第17集 第17集》

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  Securities that are already out there and trading--
  对于那些已经发行并上市交易的证券
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  everybody knows about them.
  大家都很了解
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  There's a market for them,
  这些证券有专门的交易所
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  but if you're issuing a new security,
  但如果你发行的是一个全新的证券
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  especially if it's a company that is issuing shares
  尤其一家公司是首次公开发行股票
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  for the first time--an IPO is an initial public offering.
  IPO即首次公开发行
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  An IPO is the first time that a company issues shares,
  IPO是一家公司首次公开发行股票
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  so the company is not known to the public
  公众并不熟悉这家公司
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  and it's very hard to get IPOs started
  IPO启动非常困难
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  because the company is just not known.
  因为公司并不知名
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  It's very important that the underwriters are able to
  因此 通过承销商吸引投资者注意
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  get attention and get the market going for the IPO.
  让IPO获得市场认可就显得极为重要