来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：政治哲学导论 第8集 第8集》

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  of thumos and reason,
  "thumos"和理性二者的关系
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  as you might say the determinants of human behavior or the crucial pet term
  也许你会说 决定人类行为或至关重要的概念
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  in that passage is this, again this platonic term
  在这一段中是柏拉图式的概念
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  spiritedness which is both a cause of the human desire to rule
  这不断是引起我们欲望的原因
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  and at the same time a cause of our desire to resist the domination of others.
  也是抵制他人统治的力量
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  It is the unique source of human assertiveness and aggressiveness,
  这是人类进取心和上进心的独特来源
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  as well as the source of resistance to the aggression of others.
  也是抵制他人侵犯的源泉
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  It's a very important psychological concept in understanding politics.
  这是理解政治学的一个很重要的心理概念
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  And second, the passage tells us something about certain
  第二 这段文字告诉我们了一些
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  additional factors.
  其他因素
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  Extra, in many ways, extra-political factors such as
  在很多层面上的附加因素 比如
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  climate and geography as components in the development of
  气候条件和地理因素作为