and in doing so I would like to study the relationship between personal suffering and

我将分析个人的痛苦与集体悼念的关系
collective mourning;in other words,

也就是说
the transformation of grief into a cultural process.

由个人的痛苦到一种文化进程的转换
So, let's start with my first point.

那么从第一点讲起
Who were the persons in mourning after World War One?

谁是一战后的悼念者呢
Well, from the perspective of historical demographics this

从历史人口统计学的角度
question is actually a very difficult one.

这个问题很难回答
Why?

为什么
Because in France, in the '20s and '30s,

因为在法国的二三十年代
war widows who remarried lost their benefits

重新结婚的寡妇们失去了补助
and so simply vanished from the statistics.

于是她们从数据中消失了
And if you take the case of the orphans, they got some help from the

看看孤儿的情况孤儿还是孩子的时候