not necessarily in the highly intensive form,

并不一定要以高度密集的形式进行
but the use of capital in this economic cycle we're talking about

但我们这里提到的唐朝时期的资本运作
was a perfectly normal practice

都是很常规的
which the Tang Dynasty would have understood easily.

这样大家也能比较容易理解唐朝
They were, by the way,

值得一提的是
just as inventive as we have been in the last couple of hundred years.

他们同几百年前的我们一样富有创造力
What they didn't have was the ability to go to scale.

而他们缺乏的是使其规模化的能力
Or it could have been as suggested in this Bruegel painting,

或我们可以通过勃鲁盖尔的画可以看出
we could be thinking of Europe in the fifteenth century

我们设想一下资产阶级革命之前
or the sixteenth century before the capitalist revolution

十五或十六世纪的欧洲
because there was always the reliance on capital.

因为那时欧洲对资本的依赖很强
Lower levels of intensivity

这导致资本总额减少的同时