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do mostly with the changes in the American cultural mass market
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in the years after World War II.
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There are Identity Plots all over in the history of literature.
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So, the plot of mistaken identity is a staple of Renaissance comedy.
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Think of Midsummer Night's Dream, for example.
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Secret identity is a staple of Gothic fiction.
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This happens a lot in Dickens,
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other kinds of Victorian fiction.
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Artistic identity.
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Think of Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man,
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Joyce's novel about the artistic formation of a person.
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That's especially important to Modernism.