Yeah, in back.

请讲
Yes. The question's a good one. How much of this is due to stereotypes

这问题提的很好有多少偏见是刻板印象引起的
and how much of this is due to an own-group bias? So, the fact that--so,

有多少是因为对自身群体的偏好事实上
the experiments as I have described them are to some extent ambiguous.

我所描述的这些实验在某种程度上是模糊不清
The fact that white Americans favor white Americans over black Americans

实际上白人偏爱白人而非黑人
might be because of stereotypes but they also might be of in-group favoritism.

可能源自刻板印象但也同样可能是内群体的偏袒
I think the answer is that both play a role

我认为两者都在起作用
but some of the effects are due to stereotypes

但刻板印象起的作用
above and beyond in-group favoritism. And one reason why we know that

要高于内群体的偏袒我们知道是因为
is in studies like the IAT, the Implicit Attitudes Test.

类似內隐态度测验的实验研究
African Americans show much the same effect as white Americans.

黑人也和白人一样偏袒白人
So, African Americans also are biased against African Americans

因此黑人也会对黑人群体有偏见