来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第8集 第8集》

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  Remember, this was introduced at the
  记住 这种制度实行于
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  time of the revolution and then under Napoleon.
  大革命及拿破仑统治时期
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  And under the Empire,
  在帝国的统治下
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  professors even had ranks and wore uniforms.
  教授们以等级划分并配有统一制服
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  So, the practitioners were doctors,
  因而 从业者都是医生
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  but there was also a new licensing system,
  但也有一种新的许可制度
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  and students were encouraged to learn through their senses,
  学生们被鼓励通过他们的感官
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  through seeing, hearing and touching.
  通过看 听 和接触来学习
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  This was sensualism not only in theory,
  这种感觉论不仅仅是纯理论上
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  but we might call it applied sensualism,
  我们可称其为应用感觉论
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  with a rejection of dogma,
  它反对教条
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  of theory and of authority simply as authority.
  反对纯理论 反对权威