late in the fifth, early fourth centuries,

公元前5世纪晚期或者4世纪早期
an Athenian who knew the Spartans well, as I say,

提到一个非常了解斯巴达的雅典人
tells us about how the Spartans dealt with this problem

告诉我们斯巴达人如何解决这个问题
of instilling courage in their soldiers and avoid the opposite.

如何让他们的战士充满勇气
Here's what he says,

他是这样说的
"In other states when a man proves a coward,

在其他地方一个人被称为懦夫
the only consequence is that he is called a coward.

那仅仅是个称呼
He goes to the same market as the brave man and sits beside him.

在集会中它可以和勇者坐在一起
He attends the same gymnasium if he chooses.

可以和勇者一起锻炼身体
But in Sparta

但是在斯巴达
everyone would be ashamed to have a coward with him

任何人都会以与懦夫为伍而耻辱
at the mess or to be matched with him in a wrestling bout.

在人群中或者与他对阵摔跤时