来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第14集 第14集》
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Any further progress to the idea of a microbial disease所有进一步对微生物引发疾病的探究 -
depended on the view that diseases didn't transform都以疾病不会相互转化 -
from one into another.为基础 -
Before the Paris School, it was common to believe,在巴黎学派之前 -
for example, that cholera-- to take one disease--主流观点认为某种疾病 比如霍乱 -
was simply a heightened form of endemic summer diarrhea.只是夏天地方性腹泻的某种严重的形式 -
It wasn't a specific disease,而不是另一个明确的疾病 -
and it grew out of another preexisting condition.这是由另一个先前存在的条件产生的 -
The germ theory depended instead on the conviction而菌源说认为 -
that there are stable, unchanging disease entities,疾病是由稳定的不变的疾病主体构成 -
that each one is specific and has a specific microbial cause.每个疾病主体都是由特定的病菌引起 -
But the followers of Louis--Pierre Louis,that is--但是皮埃尔·路易斯在巴黎