来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病第14集第14集》

as a heightened form of a pre-existing condition.

无法由某种已存在现象升级产生的疾病
Pasteur also devised--

巴斯德还设计了一个
well, Koch didn't think this was so elegant,

科赫认为这个设计不是很有品位
but it certainly convinced Pasteur and his followers--

但反正这个实验说服了巴斯德及其追随者
a famous swan neck flask experiment.

这是个天鹅颈瓶实验
That is, he sterilized a flask with a swan's neck,

他给一个有天鹅颈的烧瓶消毒
and found that if the culture is boiled,

发现如果煮沸培养基
and the flask prevents air from gaining access to it,

加上烧瓶的结构阻止了空气的流通
then there was no development inside of organisms

瓶内就不会产生
that we would call bacteria.

我们现在所说的细菌
A culture of them could grow in the flask,

只有当细菌能够进入瓶子的时候
only if germs were allowed to enter it.

才能培养出一片细菌