来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第14集 第14集》
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to produce antibodies, or teaches immune cells制造抗体 或者说让免疫细胞 -
to recognize and attack the organism,重组并攻击微生物 -
that we now know perhaps to be a virus,a bacterium,微生物可能是病毒 细菌 -
or a parasite of a different kind.或者各种寄生虫 -
The problem, of course,问题当然在于 -
was how to stimulate immunity without causing disease.如何在不致病的情况下引发免疫 -
Jenner benefited from the cross-over immunity詹纳利用了牛痘与天花的 -
from cowpox to smallpox.交叉免疫 -
Pasteur did something else.巴斯德则另有高招 -
He used the concept of attenuation.他利用了毒性的衰减 -
Jenner is the father of immunology, in a sense,詹纳从某种程度上说是免疫学之父 -
Pasteur the founder of experimental immunology.巴斯德则是实验免疫学的创始人