来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第14集 第14集》

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  using the Petri dish and solid culture,
  从而发展了平板技术
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  and he developed staining techniques for microscopy.
  他还发展了用于显微镜下观察的染色技术
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  What I'd particularly like you to note is his methodology,
  我需要你们重点注意一下他的方法论
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  which he embodied in what are called "Koch's postulates".
  这在"科赫法则"中有很好体现
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  This was the methodology for determining
  它是一套用来确定
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  that a suspected microbe is the causative agent
  某一具体疾病的
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  of a particular disease.
  病原微生物的方法
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  He said you could know this under four conditions.
  他认为应满足下列四个条件方能确定
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  First, the organism suspected as a pathogen
  第一 在每一病例中都能找到
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  must be found in all animals suffering from the disease.
  相同的疑为病原的微生物
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  In other words, it has to be universally present
  也就是说 有疾病的地方
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  where the disease is present.
  就有这种微生物