来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第14集 第14集》

• 
  
  The quip was made that the main beneficiaries,
  人们笑称 疾病的菌源说
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  at first, of the germ theory of disease,
  最先给医生带去好处
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  were physicians rather than patients.
  而不是患者
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  But there was a major exception,
  但是有一项例外
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  and that was not in medicine but in surgery.
  不过是在外科领域而非药学
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  And this introduces the third major figure of our trio,
  这里我们就要来谈谈建立菌源说的
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  establishing the germ theory of disease,
  三大著名人物中的第三位
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  and that's Joseph Lister,
  约瑟夫·李斯特
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  who lived from 1827 to 1912,
  他生于1827年 卒于1912年
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  and made his major contributions in Scotland.
  在苏格兰做出了他的主要贡献
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  He was professor of surgery at Edinburgh University,
  当时他在爱丁堡大学任外科学教授
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  where he was appalled by the numbers of patients who
  许多手术操作成功但患者死于术中感染