来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第4集 第4集》
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We now know them as boards of health.现在被称作卫生局 -
And these magistrates, or boards of health这些地方法官 或者卫生局 -
as they came to be known later and are still known,他们后来为人所知 -
were endowed with extraordinary powers during emergencies他们在危机时期被授予极大的权力 -
that gave them-- they combined in their hands这些权力包括 -
a plentitude of legislative, judicial and executive authority在公共卫生领域的 -
in matters that related to public health.充分的立法权 司法权和行政权力 -
By the late sixteenth century,在十六世纪晚期 -
cities in the vanguard of the movement执行这些措施的先锋城市 -
even had permanent health magistrates,有些甚至有永久的卫生地方法官 -
and their example was followed across Europe.被整个欧洲纷纷效仿 -
That was one thing, a new authority then.第一个措施是一个全新的当局