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that deployed standing armies and naval forces
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to apply the policy rigorously
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and over a substantial territory.
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Venice provided perhaps the first important example;
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that was soon imitated in country after country,
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until Western Europe was medically isolated by quarantines,
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lazarettos and sanitary cordons.
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Let me talk a little more in detail
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about the Venetian idea of public health.
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It was that--and Venice was a great port,
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as you know--that the ports of Europe could be protected
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by isolation from an invasion by sea.