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Well looking back with modern understanding,
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you would probably conclude that the medical theory
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underlying the Venetian system of quarantine
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was flawed by modern standards.
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There were no pestilential miasmas,
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and many of the rituals of purification were to no effect.
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But the idea of lengthy and military-enforced isolation
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was highly effective in practice.
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Forty days
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exceeded the incubation period of the disease,
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and so were sufficient to guarantee
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that a person then released was medically harmless.