a book written by a Viennese immigrant by the name of Karl Popper,

由维也纳流亡哲学家卡尔·波普尔著成
who in the very early 1950s, right at the height of the Cold War

他在二十世纪五十年代也就是冷战的顶峰
and of course the end of the conclusion of the Second World War,

即第二次世界大战的收尾
wrote a book called The Open Society and Its Enemies.

写下了这本叫作《开放社会及其敌人》的著作
He wanted to know what were the causes

他想要知道极权主义的经历是因谁而起
or who was responsible for the experiences of totalitarianism,

或是应由谁负责
both in Stalin's Russia and in Hitler's Germany.

存在于斯大林的苏俄和希特勒的德国
In the course of this inquiry, he concluded that

在探究的过程中他总结出
not only Hegel and Marx were important in that particular genealogy,

在这一系统中不仅黑格尔和马克思是重要的
but this went back to Plato as well, Plato principally.

柏拉图也是重要的而且他占了绝大部分
Plato, who Popper accuses in a passionate,

波普尔激烈地指责帕拉图
albeit not very well written book,

虽然这不是本写的很好的书