some social understanding may be there from the very start.

某些社会知识也许从出生便已经具备
This evidence is tentative, very controversial.

这个证据是试探性的具有很大的争议
But now, I want to raise a huge developmental puzzle

但现在我想提出一个发展心理学的难题
and the puzzle is

这个难题是
there are some ways in which babies are--

当提及与人类有关的知识时
not just babies,but young children are very clueless

婴儿甚至是幼儿
when it comes to people.

在某些方面都是完全不知的
And so, I have a film clip here of two very nice studies

我给大家放两个优秀实验的电影片段
showing babies' ignorant--sorry, young children's ignorance of other people.

这个影片表明了幼儿对他人的无知
I'll show you the studies

先展示试验
and then we'll briefly discuss what they mean.

然后再来简单讨论下实验的意义
Before discussing that example in a little bit more detail,

在详细讨论这个例子之前