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This is the first of the reasons:
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to hold the human in suspension in the novel.
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Now it takes a very particular form,
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and if you think to the passages about Pauline,
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there is the section on Pecola's mother, Pauline,
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where we see large blocks of italics of her voice coming to us.
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This is a very obvious example of
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how that works in Morrison's fiction.
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This is an effort to let the voice of the unheard
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speak through her fiction.
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So, why write a novel instead of writing a tract
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or becoming a sociologist or a politician?