来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第2集 第2集》

• 
  
  I don't want to say,
  然而 我不想说
• 
  
  however, that there were no challenges.
  这个学说从未遇到挑战
• 
  
  It's extraordinary to reflect that humoralism,
  体液论作为一个主导医学哲学
• 
  
  as a dominant medical philosophy,
  一直持续到十九世纪
• 
  
  persists into the nineteenth century.
  这是一个杰出的表现
• 
  
  But I don't want to think that it was unchallenged.
  但我不愿认为它从未遇到挑战
• 
  
  We know there were demonic
  我们知道
• 
  
  and religious views that ran alongside.
  有时大众和宗教的观点同样重要
• 
  
  But in addition,
  但是除此之外
• 
  
  there were a series of scientific challenges that occurred
  一连串的科学挑战成为
• 
  
  in a number of major shocks to the system that
  对这一系统的重大冲击
• 
  
  slowly weakened its hold and gave rise to doubters,
  这削弱了它的控制权并招致更多的怀疑