was itself a contributory factor

是这些革命爆发的一个因素
in the coming of revolutionary outbursts.

这个观点并不鲜见
By now it's pretty clear that the causal chain

但是现在看来
actually worked the other way around.

很明显因果链是反向的
In other words, the outbreak of revolution,

也就是说革命的爆发以及
war and social order created conditions for cholera to thrive.

战争和社会动荡创造了霍乱滋生的环境
Cholera moved, I would argue,

我认为霍乱是由革命产生的
in the wake of revolution, rather than triggering it.

而不是导致革命的因素
So, cholera, if it didn't cause the revolutions

所以霍乱没有导致
that marked the nineteenth century--

标志着十九世纪特征的革命
there has been in recent literature a swing of the pendulum

现代文学对这个观点
in a different direction,

看法不一