that is, it's ingested by food and water contaminated by feces.

也就是摄取了被污染的食物和水源
And it requires, therefore--it clearly is among the diseases,

因此霍乱不同于
certainly that we've examined so far,

我们之前讨论过的疾病
cholera is clearly different from plague

霍乱明显不同于瘟疫和天花
and smallpox in that it's much more a social disease;

它是一种社会疾病
that is to say, a disease that has a clear predilection

也就是说这种疾病倾向于
for poverty and for pathologies of social and economic life.

感染穷人和社会经济生活病态的人
Cholera thrived on chaotic, rapid, unplanned urbanization,

霍乱容易在骚乱无序的环境下滋生
with its overcrowding and teeming slums,

包括拥挤的地方和贫民窟
with inadequate and insecure water.

在缺水的情况下尤甚
This continues to be true with cholera in our own day.

这点在现在也是如此
It thrives on substandard housing,

霍乱在不合标准的住宿条件下发生