来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：1600年后西方社会的流行病 第10集 第10集》

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  Now, an outbreak--let's imagine a nineteenth-century city.
  现在让我们一起想象一个十九世纪的城市
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  You can pick your own,
  你们可以自己选
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  let it be London or Paris, or perhaps Naples.
  比如伦敦 巴黎或那不勒斯
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  The outbreak would tend to begin with
  霍乱的爆发会以十九世纪医学界所称的
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  what the nineteenth-century medical community termed sporadic cholera.
  单发性假霍乱为始
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  By that they meant a small trickle of cases.
  意即小数量的病例
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  These would be transmitted in a neighborhood, a family, a house.
  这种病会在社区 家庭和房屋之间传播
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  The transmission might be by contaminated clothing or bed linen,
  可能会通过被污染的衣物或被单枕套
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  contaminated food, hand to mouth transmission
  被污染的食物以及病患未洗手
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  from tending a patient and then not washing the hands.
  而导致病从口入而传播
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  Let me give you an example from Venice in 1885.
  举个例子来说 在1885年的威尼斯
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  There was a particularly persistent outbreak,
  在一条单独的街道里