来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：新生有机化学 第5集 第5集》

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  on the scale of how fast atoms are moving in your sample.
  因为样本中原子运动的速度更快
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  So it's time-averaged, what you get.
  所以你得到的结构的是时间上的平均值
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  And it's also space-averaged, right?
  这个结构在空间上也是平均化的
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  It's as if you put them all on top of one another,
  分子们像是一个个叠在了一起的
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  that's what you would see,
  你得到的是所有分子叠在一起的结构
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  but some are displaced a little one way, the other, and so on.
  但偶尔有几个叠得并不那么整齐
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  So it's a little fuzzy.
  所以叠加的图像有点模糊
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  And this is an advantage for scanning probe microscopy,
  这一点上扫描探针显微镜占有优势
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  which operates in real space, actually feels individual things.
  它能让你看到真实空间里的具体物件
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  Okay, so x-rays were discovered in 1895 by Roentgen,
  1895年时伦琴运用克鲁克斯管
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  using Crookes' tube that we talked about.
  首次发现了X射线
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  And he took a picture of his wife's hand there,
  他用射线给他太太的手拍了张相