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the latter of whom would famously organize an anti-colonial counter-exposition
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during the famous 1931 Colonial Exposition in Vincennes.
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In 1900 in Paris there had been no similar anti-colonial exposition.
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However, and I want to underscore this,
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it was not the French themselves who would eventually succeed in
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crumbling the imperial edifice built over so many generations.
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When the French colonial empire eventually expired in 1962,
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when the French left Algeria, it did so first and foremost
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because of the many forms of resistance organized and
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carried out by those who lived under its yoke.
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That's another topic for another lecture, but what I want to say here
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sort of in conclusion is that the First World War was in many ways the