But there are extra-patrimonial ways

但也存在着世袭之外的方式
when persons are judged to be loyal

这是指当领袖认为某些人是忠诚的
by the master and are appointed to the office

并指派任职时
because of their expected loyalty, as such.

就是因为这些人拥有预期中的忠诚品质
Again, I can give you the example of the universities

我还是给大家举大学这个例子
where a lot of recruitment is happening through patrimonial recruitment.

大学里许多招募采用的就是世袭招募
You are--well in the U.S. universities,

你们是在美国大学里
you are not supposed to recruit your own students.

你是不应该去招聘你自己的学生
In Europe they do.

但在欧洲是可以的
In the U.S. Few universities do.

在美国少数大学也这样做
But you recruit the students of your buddies

但你招募的是你的铁磁
or your friends or your colleagues. Right?

朋友或同事的学生