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Pilate was one of these direct Roman rulers of Judea.
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Galilee was ruled by a son of Herod the Great,
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Herod Antipas,
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and different descendants of Herod
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would rule in different parts of Palestine for many years after that.
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During the first century there were sporadic uprisings among the Jews,
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some of them were apocalyptic,
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that is, they seem to have been Jews who
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were expecting the end to come but sometimes they seemed to
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have expected that they were supposed to start it.
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So, for example, you have Josephus tell us about
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Jewish prophets who arise and say,