it spread across Europe with terrifying rapidity.

它以令人恐惧的速度席卷了欧洲
One can see the role of warfare, in particular,

可以看到战争起到的作用特别是
in promoting the movement of syphilis.

促进了梅毒的运动
And its spread across Europe was

而其在整个欧洲蔓延
closely associated with Charles VIII of France,

更是与法国的查理八世密切相关
known as Charles the Affable, who lived from 1470 to '98,

和蔼的查尔斯1470-1498年在世
and launched a series of wars with Italy,

对意大利发起了一系列战争
which he invaded in 1494, at the head of a large, large army.

他带领一支庞大的部队在1494年入侵
The army marched across the Italian Peninsula and reached naples,

部队行经意大利半岛最终到达那不勒斯
that Charles besieged and captured.

查尔斯围困并且夺取
He then found himself facing a powerful coalition of powers

他发现自己正面对着一个强有力的联盟
that have ultimately defeated him.

最后打垮了他