来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：古希腊历史简介第4集第4集》

even in antiquity something quite different,

这个词也有着一些与众不同的意味
and especially if you're talking about

尤其是当你涉及基督教的话题时
Christianity which adopts the word as well,

会发现基督教也有这个词
where it comes to mean goodness,

在基督教中这个词意味着仁慈
goodness in a kind of a Christian sense.

一种基督教意义上的仁慈
Well, erase all of those ideas from your head

而在这里我们讨论的是荷马时期
when you think about the world of Homer,and I would say,

所以我说在我们所研究的这个希腊时期
the world of Greece in the period we're studying.

你得忘掉这些基督教的概念
Arete derives from the Greek word anar,

Arete衍生自希腊语anar
which means man; man as opposed to woman.

意为男人与女人相对的男人
These are the masculine qualities as the Greeks saw them

希腊人认为德性是一些男性的品质
and primarily among them was the idea of courage:

其中最重要的品质是勇气