来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：古希腊历史简介 第4集 第4集》
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a man who is by nature一个生来远离城邦 闲云野鹤的人 -
without a polis is either more or less than a man.也就不再是一个真正的人 -
What he means by that is,if a man is superior他的意思是 如果一个人高于城邦 -
to the polis doesn't need a polis,他不需要城邦 -
he is a god because men need a polis.那他就是神而不是人 因为人是需要城邦的 -
If he is beneath the polis it means he's beneath反过来 如果一个卑微到无法进入城邦的人 -
what it is to a human being,那也就意味着他作为人的意义同样卑微 -
and that tells you just how potent由此可见 集体的概念 -
is this concept of a community for the Greeks是多么的深入希腊人的心中 -
and it emerges in its own way在《伊利亚特》和《奥德赛》中 -
from the Iliad and the Odyssey.便揭示了这一点 -
Odysseus also was offered an opportunity to live forever.奥德修斯也曾经有过一个能长生不老的机会