moving back and forth between our judgments about particulars,

反复考量我们对细节
particular cases, events, stories, questions,

具体情况事件及问题的看法
back and forth between our judgments about particular cases

反复考量我们对具体情况的看法
and more general principles that make sense of our reasons

以及我们为何会在该情况下
for the positions we take on the particular cases.

持某种立场
This dialectical way of doing moral reasoning goes back

这种对道德解释的辩证方式可追溯到
to the ancients, to Plato and Aristotle,

古人追溯到柏拉图和亚里士多德
but it doesn't stop with them,

但并未就此终止
because there is a version of Socratic

因为还有一种苏格拉底式
or dialectical moral reasoning

或说是辩证的道德解释
that is defended with great clarity and force by John Rawls

约翰·罗尔斯在阐述其论证公正理论的方法时
in giving an account of his method of justifying a theory of justice.

清晰明了且有力地为这种道德解释进行了辩护