来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：现代社会理论基础第13集》

--the bourgeoisie, he said, is a new class,

马克思说资产阶级是一个新的阶级
and probably, arguably, the first real class.

也可能是第一个真正的阶级
The landlords were not a class

地主不是阶级
because they were not constituted in economic terms.

因为他们的形成不是由于经济原因
They were constituted legally--right?- and by customs,

他们的形成是由于法律和习俗
rather than simply on market exchange and market competition.

而不是市场交易和竞争
And he also said, "Well, this bourgeoisie

他还说 "资产阶级
was an extremely revolutionary force." Right?

是最彻底的革命力量"
"And it actually transformed the whole society."

"它真正改变了整个社会"
And here I think there is--even in The Communist Manifesto

我想这跟马克思自己跟《共产党宣言》
he contradicts himself.

都是相矛盾的
He said, "Well, you know, what it did,

他说 "正如你所知资产阶级