来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：聆听音乐 第23集 第23集》

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  because if you hear lots of percussion and xylophones
  因为如果你听到大量打击乐器和木琴
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  and things such as that banging away in a dissonant fashion,
  以及类似砰响的不协和音
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  those instruments just weren't there in time of Mozart, for example,
  那么 那些乐器不会在莫扎特时期出现
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  so you know it's got to be probably
  所以你就知道这段乐曲可能
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  late nineteenth-century and on.
  谱于十九世纪后期甚至更晚
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  So instrumentation is the single most important factor,
  乐器是最重要的一个单因素
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  but some instruments are common to many different periods.
  但是一些乐器在不同时期都运用得很普遍
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  The piano operated roughly from when to when?
  钢琴大概是哪段时期被应用于演奏的呢
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  If you hear a piano,
  假如你在听一段钢琴演奏
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  what does that tell you about
  这段演奏可以告诉你
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  the time period of the music that you're-- classical music that you're listening to?
  这曲子创作时期的何种信息？
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  It's got to be roughly after what?
  钢琴大概在什么之后才被广泛应用？