来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论 第6集 第6集》

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  but what we know can clear things up.
  但我们的知识却能帮助我们拨开迷雾
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  Same with sound.
  对于声音来说也是这样
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  Morphology is the next level up.
  更高层次的成分是语态
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  Phonology is sounds. Morphology is words.
  语音是声音 语态则是词
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  And human language uses this amazing trick
  人类语言使用这些
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  described by Ferdinand de Saussure, the great linguist,
  被语言学家费迪南德·德·索绪尔
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  as "The arbitrariness of the sign."
  称之为"符号任意性"的神奇把戏
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  And what this means is
  符号任意性是指
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  we can use --take any arbitrary idea in the world,
  我们可以拿来世间任何想法
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  the idea of a chair or a story or a country,
  比如椅子 故事 或是国家
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  and make a sound or a sign to connect to it.
  再发明一种声音或符号来与之相联系
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  And the link is arbitrary.
  这种联系是任意的