he alone has a perception of good and bad,

发现人类是唯一能感知好与坏
just and unjust and other things."

正义与非正义等的动物
In other words, he seems to be saying

用别的话来说他认为
that it is speech or reason, logos, that is able to both distinguish

言语和端绪就是理性可以区分和
and create certain moral categories, certain important moral categories

新建一定的道德范畴一定的重要道德范畴
that we live by--the advantageous, the harmful, the just and unjust,

包括好处与害处正义与非正义
and things of this sort that constitute,

以及这之类的事物组成
as he says, a family and a polis.

就如他说的一个家庭和一个城邦
But that's Aristotle.

但这就是亚里士多德
In what sense, we could ask ourselves

以什么意义理解我们可以问问自己
and I think you probably will be asking in your sections,

我认为你们可以在章节中找到答案
in what sense is the city by nature?

如何理解城市的自然状态