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They become sort of a staging area
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for what became known as the Belle Epoque.
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It wasn't so belle for people who didn't have any money,
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because those were hard economic times.
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These department stores still exist.
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The BHV, the Bazaar de l'Hotel de Ville still exists in Paris.
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Bon Marché.
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There's a terrific book
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on Bon Marché by Michael Miller.
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It's still there.
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Zola called them "The cathedrals of modernity."
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Already in the 1850s they had singing groups