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And there's actually been a little bit of recovery since.
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But Cleveland is a classic industrial city.
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It is the place where Standard Oil set up its first large refining plants.
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It was an advantage-point in transportation
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because it was an intersection
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between very high quality east-west freight rail and Great Lakes shipping.
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And when rail became subordinated to trucking
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and when suburban development became dominant
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over the reuse of industrial urban neighborhoods,
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Cleveland suffered mightily.
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This income map of Cleveland,
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where medium incomes, under $22,700,