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Initially, its location as a function of time is equal to
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You wait a short amount of time, it goes to a new location,
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which I'm going to call R(t+ Δt).
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What can that be?
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It can be x(t) plus some change in x
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plus j times y(t) plus a change in y.
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That, we recognize to be R(t) plus everything else,
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which is i times Δx + j times Δy.
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I'm going to call this guy a tiny vector ΔR.
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In other words, when you move on a line,
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you wait a small time Δt.
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You move by an unknown Δx.