来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：有关食物的心理学、生物学和政治学 第12集》

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  You're actually doing an experiment
  实际上就是
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  where you're manipulating some variables.
  通过控制变量做实验
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  Randomized control trials, RCTs,
  随机对照实验 简称RCT
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  are the gold standard for doing this.
  是实验的黄金法则
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  Where you randomly assign people to groups
  在你随机分配人群到各组时
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  getting an intervention or something that's not the intervention,
  一些进行干预 而另一些不干预
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  and then you typically have control groups.
  一般就有了对照组
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  In these, you want to control for as many confounds as possible.
  在这里 你想尽可能多的设置不同对照
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  I found this funny little figure in a psychology journal once
  我在一个心理杂志上找到这幅有趣的插图
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  that talked about the need for control groups in these studies,
  它提到研究中需要一些控制组
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  but of course the need for out of control groups as well.
  当然也需要失去控制的组
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  Here would be an example of an experimental study.
  这就是实验性研究的一个例子