why in some circumstances it might not be true.

为什么在某些情况下它又缺乏合理性
So for 50 years, let's say between 30 and 50

所以整整50年应该是30到50年
years this was the fundamental argument of economics and

这是经济学和经济平衡的基本论题
economic equilibrium that equilibrium was a good thing

也就是均衡是好的
because it maximized the sum of utilities.

因为他最大化了效用的总和
But then little by little, starting with Irving Fisher and

但是渐渐地从欧文·费雪开始
a bunch of people at the same time and a little bit later,

大量同时期或者年代较晚的科学家
so Hicks and Samuelson are famous for this,

比如希克斯和萨缪尔森都以此文明
they began to wonder what kind of crazy utility functions are

他们开始思考哪种类型的疯狂的效用函数
these where there's some mysterious good that has

因为拥有了不变的边际效用1
constant marginal utility of 1.

而显得神秘又有利于经济发展
So in modern terms how could you justify it?

根据现代的方式你们如何证实它