If evolution is survival of the fittest, nature red in tooth and claw,

如果进化论是适者生存牙齿和厉爪下的血腥天性
how could animals evolve moral feelings?But in fact, we know the answer to this.

为什么动物会进化道德感但事实上我们知道答案
And there are two answers to this. One answer is kin selection.

有两种答案一个是亲缘选择
So, evolution works at a level of the genes and

进化建立在基因的层面上
because of that it could give rise to animals that are themselves altruistic.

这一点导致了动物本身是利他主义的
And they're altruistic because they act to preserve other animals

利他主义是因为它们要保护
that share the same genes. And so, I'm not going to spend any time on this

有相同基因的其他动物我不继续展开了
because we've discussed it in detail, but we know from previous lectures

因为我们已经详细探讨过这个问题我们从前几节课学到
that people will be generous to others. And there's an evolutionary explanation

人们会对他人慷慨进化论的解释是
for your generosity towards kin. It could be mathematically worked out.

你对亲缘慷慨的原因这可以用数字来研究
Your caring, your moral feelings towards other creatures

你对其他生物的关心和道德感
to the extent of the proportion of genes that you share with them.

与你们共享基因的比例程度相关