来自《耶鲁大学开放课程：心理学导论 第15集》

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  if they're crying they must be in some sort of pain so they cry some more."
  既然他们在哭 他们肯定处在痛苦中所以他们就哭得更凶"
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  But clever psychologists have ruled this out. What they did was a study
  但是聪明的心理学家把这种解释排除了 他们做了一个研究
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  where they exposed babies to tape-recorded sounds of other babies crying
  让婴儿听录有其他婴儿哭声的磁带
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  and tape recorded sounds of themselves crying.
  和录有他们自己哭声的磁带
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  Babies cry more to this pain of other babies than they do to their own pain,
  婴儿听到别人的哭声比听到自己的哭声后哭的更凶
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  suggesting that their response is to some extent a response
  这说明他们的反应 从某种程度上来说
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  to the "Otherness" of the characters. We know pain is--
  是对相异特征的反应 我们知道别人的痛苦
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  of others is aversive for chimpanzees and we know this in certain ways.
  对黑猩猩来说也是厌恶的 我们以某些方式了解这一点
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  But we know this, in particular,
  我们通过一系列
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  from a series of studies that would be unethical if they were to be done today.
  研究所得 这些研究现在进行可能会被认为是不道德的
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  In these studies, they put a chimpanzee in a room and there's a lever.
  在这些研究中 他们把黑猩猩放在一间有杠杆的房间
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  And when the chimpanzee slaps the lever, it gets some food.
  当黑猩猩拍打杠杆时 它就能获得食物